Russia
Capital: Moscow
Currency: - RUB
Overview of Russian Labor Law and Employment Policy
Employment Law Overview
- Key Laws and Regulations:
- Russian Federation Labor Code
- Russian Federation Tax Code
- Legal Characteristics:
- Aims to protect employee rights and promote a fair employment environment
- Provides detailed regulations on employment contracts, working hours, vacations, severance pay, and taxation
Employment Contract Requirements
- Contract Types:
- Fixed-term contracts (not exceeding 5 years)
- Indefinite-term contracts
- Contract Provisions:
- Must include provisions on job description, remuneration, working hours, vacations, and severance pay
- Language and Currency:
- Contracts must be in Russian and denominated in Russian rubles
Working Hours Regulations
- Standard Working Hours: 40 hours per week
- Rest Days and Breaks: At least 24 hours of rest per week and at least 30 minutes of rest after each hour of work
Vacation Policy
- Annual Leave: Minimum of 28 days of paid annual leave per year
- Public Holidays: 14 national public holidays
- Special Leaves:
- Sick Leave: Up to 15 days of paid sick leave
- Maternity Leave: 140 days of paid maternity leave
- Parental Leave: Paid parental leave until the child reaches 18 months of age
Employee Dismissal and Contract Termination
- Notice Periods:
- Employer termination: 2 months
- Employee termination: 14 days
- Severance Pay:
- Employer termination without notice: Equal to the average salary for the notice period
- Protection Against Unfair Dismissal:
- Employees are legally protected against unfair dismissal
Tax Law
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Personal Income Tax:
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Salary Range (RUB) Tax Rate 0 - 5,000,000 13% 5,000,000 and above 15%
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Social Insurance Contributions:
- Pension insurance: 22% (on salaries up to RUB 1,917,000)
- Medical insurance: 5.1% (on salaries up to RUB 1,917,000)
- Social insurance: 2.9% (on salaries up to RUB 1,917,000)
- Accident insurance: 0.2%- 8.5% (depending on occupational risk)
Health Insurance
- Insurance Policy: Employees are required to participate in the state healthcare system
- Insurance Coverage: Basic medical services
Compensation and Benefits
- Minimum Wage: RUB 12,130 per month (as of 2020)
- Salary Structure: Typically includes base salary, bonuses, and allowances
Work Permits and Visas
- Permit Requirement: Foreign workers require work permits
- Application Process: Apply through the Federal Migration Service of the Russian Federation
Confidentiality and Non-Compete Clauses
- Enforceability: Enforceable, but must be reasonable and not unduly restrict employee's career development
- Common Provisions: Confidentiality, non-competition, and non-solicitation
Training and Development
- Legal Requirements: Safety training and skills enhancement training
- Government Support: Government-funded training programs
Workplace Diversity and Inclusion
- Legal Requirements: Prohibits discrimination based on race, gender, religion, or other protected characteristics
- Enforcement Measures: Government agencies responsible for enforcing anti-discrimination laws
Remote Work Policy
- Legal Framework: Remote work is permitted, but must be in the form of a written agreement
- Tax and Insurance Implications: Tax and social insurance implications of remote work depend on specific circumstances
Authoritative Website Addresses
- Ministry of Labor of the Russian Federation: https://rosmintrud.ru/