Hungary: Overview of Labor Law and Employment Policies

Employment Law Overview

• Key Legislation:
  • Labor Code (Act I of 2012)
  • Labor Law (Act XXII of 2012)
  • Social Security Act (Act LXXX of 1997)
• Legal Characteristics:
  • Aims to protect employee rights and promote employment
  • Sets standards for minimum wage, working hours, vacation, and severance pay
  • Emphasizes negotiation and cooperation between employers and employees

Employment Contract Requirements

• Contract Types:
  • Fixed-term contracts (maximum 5 years)
  • Indefinite-term contracts
• Contractual Terms:
  • Must include base salary, job function, place of work, and contract duration
  • May include a probationary period (maximum 3 months)
• Language and Currency:
  • Contracts must be written in Hungarian
  • Currency is the Hungarian Forint (HUF)

Working Time Regulations

• Standard Working Hours: 40 hours per week, 8 hours per day
• Rest Days and Breaks:
  • At least 1 rest day per week
  • At least 12 hours of rest per day

Vacation Policy

• Annual Leave: Minimum of 20 days of paid annual leave per year
• Public Holidays: 12 nationwide public holidays
• Special Leaves:
  • Sick leave: 15 days of paid sick leave
  • Maternity leave: 24 weeks of paid maternity leave
  • Paternity leave: 5 days of paid paternity leave
  • Parental leave: Unpaid parental leave available until the child reaches 3 years of age

Employee Dismissal and Contract Termination

• Notice Period:
  • Standard notice period is 30 days
  • Notice period can be extended up to 90 days based on years of service
• Severance Pay:
  • Employees are entitled to severance pay after 3 years of service
  • Severance pay ranges from 1-6 months' salary, depending on years of service and age
• Unfair Dismissal Protection:
  • Employers must have a valid reason for dismissing an employee
  • Employees can appeal unfair dismissals

Taxation

• Personal Income Tax:

  • Salary Range	Tax Rate
    0 - 30,000	0%
    30,000 - 45,000	10%
    45,000+	15%

• Social Security Contributions:

  • Employer: 13%
  • Employee: 9.5% (social insurance) + 7.5% (health insurance)

Health Insurance

• Insurance Policy:
  • Employees are required to participate in the national health insurance scheme
• Coverage:
  • Basic medical services, dental care, and hospitalization

Compensation and Benefits

• Minimum Wage: HUF 232,000 per month
• Compensation Structure:
  • Base salary, bonuses, allowances, etc.

Work Permits and Visas

• Permit Requirements:
  • EU/EEA citizens do not require work permits
  • Non-EU/EEA citizens require work permits
• Application Process:
  • Employer applies for work permit on behalf of employee with the Immigration Office

Confidentiality and Non-Compete Clauses

• Enforceability:
  • Confidentiality and non-compete clauses are enforceable in Hungary
• Common Provisions:
  • Restrict employees from using or disclosing confidential information after termination of employment
  • Restrict employees from working for competitors for a specified period

Training and Development

• Legal Requirements:
  • Employers must provide safety training and opportunities for skill development to employees
• Government Support:
  • Government provides funding and incentives to support employee training

Workplace Diversity and Inclusion

• Legal Requirements:
  • Prohibits discrimination based on race, gender, religion, or other protected characteristics
• Enforcement Measures:
  • Employers must develop and implement anti-discrimination policies
  • Employees can file complaints for discrimination

Remote Work Policies

• Legal Framework:
  • Remote work is legally recognized in Hungary
• Tax and Insurance Implications:
  • Tax and social security implications of remote work depend on specific circumstances

Authoritative Website Addresses

• Hungarian Ministry of Labor: https://munka.gov.hu/
• Hungarian Social Security Administration: https://www.tb.hu/